FIXED INCOME STRATEGY  
     
  Our objective in managing the fixed income portion of a portfolio is to protect principal and to provide a consistent and acceptable after-tax rate of total return. In the current environment of volatile interest rate swings and changing yield curves, intermediate term bonds (5-10 yr.) provide most of the return of a long bond with substantially reduced risk. Hence, our fixed income philosophy currently emphasizes high quality (A or better), 5-10 year bonds. We use convertible bonds and preferred stocks extensively due to their attractive income/growth and risk/reward features, in addition to the more traditional use of government, corporate and tax-exempt obligations. The fixed income security selection process involves:
 
     
  A.
Credit Quality  
         
  B. Maturity Structure  
    Yield Curve  
    Duration to Maturity  
    Yield to Maturity  
       
  C. Taxable  
    Convertibles  
    Government  
    Agencies  
    Mortgage-backed  
    Finance  
    Industrials  
    Utilities  
    Call protection  
       
  D. Tax Exempt  
    After tax total return  
    General obligation vs. Revenue  
    Geography  
    Call protection  
    Insured bonds